Layer: Carbonate And Sandstone Formations (ID: 3)

Name: Carbonate And Sandstone Formations

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Description: Purpose Maps created using this product can be used as standalone products or can be used in conjunction with the Minnesota Karst Features Database for planning purposes. When combined with the Minnesota Karst Features Database this GIS coverage can be used to document the occurrence and distribution of sinkholes and other surface karst features for planning, environmental and risk management, scientific and other purposes. The coverage outlines areas where karst features can form on the land surface and where karst conditions are present in the subsurface. Karst processes provide a direct, very rapid exchange between surface and ground waters and significantly increase groundwater contamination risk of surface pollutants.A field verified sinkhole is direct evidence that karst processes are active both on the surface and in a karst aquifer in subsurface. The absence of sinkholes on the land surface, however, does not imply the absence of active karst processes on the surface or of a karst aquifer in the subsurface. Subsurface karst conditions also occur in carbonate rock in areas where there is more than 50 feet of unconsolidated material over bedrock but those conditions rarely lead to karst surface feature development in Minnesota.CompletenessMGS map resolution varies between products and the result can be insufficient resolution to differentiate lithostratigraphic units on multiple scales. For example, the Platteville and Glenwood Formations are mapped together in several of the products used to generate this coverage as oppose to being mapped as two separate formations. Additional grouping of lithostratigraphic units occurs within the Ordovician and Devonian systems. The table in this metadata lists the bedrock units used from each map, instances where grouping of lithostratigraphic units occur can be seen in this table.Overview This dataset shows the extent of karst prone areas in Minnesota, and serves as an update of the Minnesota Karst Lands map developed by Alexander et al. (2006). The 2006 Minnesota Karst Lands map defined active karst as areas underlain by carbonate bedrock with less than 50 feet of sediment cover. The primary inputs used to develop the dataset are products developed by the Minnesota Geological Survey (MGS), with consultation from the Karst Features Database (Gao et. al., 2002). MGS products used to develop the dataset are provided in the references.This dataset includes a geodatabase that consists of two feature classes:The feature class surfacekarst_carbonate_sandstone contains the carbonate units shown in Alexander et al. (2006), but also includes the Mesoproterozoic Hinckley Sandstone (Shade, 2002) and the St. Peter Sandstone (Alexander, 1988, Alexander, 2011). The Hinckley and St. Peter Sandstones are included because University of Minnesota and DNR karst geologists have field-located numerous sinkholes, disappearing streams and caves in these units. The feature class surfacekarst_carbonateonly contains only carbonate units within 50 feet of the land surface.In southeastern Minnesota, numerous surface streams have been shown to sink into the St. Lawrence Formation (Green, 2008, 2012). The geomorphic setting for these sinks is areas where the St. Lawrence subcrops in deeply incised valleys in the blufflands (Green, 2014). These stream sinks receive runoff from surface watersheds in the uplands that are hundreds to thousands of acres in area. The St. Lawrence Formation is not included in this dataset; however site specific investigations should consider the possibility of surface water interaction and rapid groundwater transport in this setting.MAPFILENAMEMAP LABELDESCRIPTIONOFR 06-02dt_locDepth to bedrock, CWI locatedM-194bedrock_geologyOsSt. PeterOpPrairie du Chien GroupOpgPlatteville Frm and Glenwood FrmS-21Pz_pgOIPrairie du Chien GroupDmPart of Little Cedar, Pinicon Ridge, SpillvilleDmuLithograph City, Coralville, part of Little CedarOmuDecorah, Plattville, Glenwood, St PeterOuGalena, Winnipeg, Red RiverMssHinckley SandstoneC-26bedrock_geologyOoOneota DolomiteOsShakopee FrmOpPrairie du Cien Group, undiv, dolostoneWashington, UnpublishedbgpgOpoOpsdt_locDepth to bedrock, CWI locatedOFR 14-02bgpg_seDclpLower Cedar Valley Pinicon RidgeDcumCoralville Fm and Hinckle MbrDcuuLithograph City FmDcCedar Valley GroupDwWapsipinicon/Spillville FmOgscStewartville and CummingsvilleOcCummingsville FrmOgpGalena/Prosser FmOgsGalena/Stewartville FmOmaqMaquoketa FrmOmdMaquoketa and DubuqueOpPrairie du Chien GroupOpoOneota DolomiteOpsShakopee FrmOpgPlatteville Frm and Glenwood FrmOsSt. Peterd2br_seDepth to bedrockC-27bdrkDepth to bedrockC-22bdrkDepth to bedrock

Service Item Id: 916a376e9e884125aa4ab8b062f58f82

Copyright Text: Alexander, E.C., Jr., Geri L. Maki, (1988), Sinkholes and Sinkhole Probability, pl. 7 of Balaban, N.H., ed., Geologic Atlas of Olmsted County: Minnesota Geologic Survey, County Atlas Series C-3. Alexander, E. Calvin Jr., Yongli Gao and Jeff Green (2006) Minnesota Karst Lands. https://www.esci.umn.edu/sites/www.esci.umn.edu/files/user/user174/MN%20Karstlands%202006.jpg Alexander, E.C., Jr, Green, J.A., Runkel, A.C., and Logan, K.J., 2011, Southeastern Minnesota karst hydrogeology–new insights from data loggers, tracing, LiDAR and hydrophysics: Geological Society of America Field Guides 24, p. 243-257. Green, Jeffrey A., Andrew J. Luhmann, Andrew J. Peters, Anthony C. Runkel, E. Calvin Alexander Jr, Scott C. Alexander (2008) Dye tracing within the St Lawrence confining unit in southeastern Minnesota, in (Yuhr, L., Alexander, E.C. Jr, and Beck, B., eds), Sinkholes and the Engineering and Environmental Impacts of Karst, American Society of Civil Engineers, Proceedings GSP 183, p 477-484. Green, Jeffrey A., Anthony C. Runkel and E. Calvin Alexander, Jr. (2012) Karst conduit flow in the Cambrian St. Lawrence Confining Unit, southeast Minnesota. Carbonates and Evaporites, v. 27, p. 167-172. Green JA, Alexander EC Jr. 2014. Mapped Paleozoic Karst Springsheds in Southeast Minnesota. Minn. Dept. Natural Res., St. Paul, MN. Pdf available from: http://files.dnr.state.mn.us/waters/groundwater_section/mapping/springshed/springshed_map.pdf Gao, Yongli, E. Calvin Alexander, Jr., and Robert G. Tipping (2002) The development of a karst feature database for southeastern Minnesota. Journal of Cave and Karst Studies v. 64, n. 1, p. 51-57. Jirsa, Mark A.; Boerboom, Terrence J.; Chandler, V.W.; Mossler, John H.; Runkel, Anthony C.; Setterholm, Dale R..(2011). S-21 Geologic Map of Minnesota-Bedrock Geology. Minnesota Geological Survey. Retrieved from the University of Minnesota Digital Conservancy, http://purl.umn.edu/101466. Lively, R.S.; Bauer, E.J.; Chandler, V.W.. (2006). Maps of Gridded Bedrock Elevation and Depth to Bedrock in Minnesota. University of Minnesota. Retrieved from the University of Minnesota Digital Conservancy, http://purl.umn.edu/108814. Mossler, John H.. (2013). M-194 Bedrock Geology of the Twin Cities Ten-County Metropolitan Area, Minnesota.Retrieved from the University of Minnesota Digital Conservancy, http://purl.umn.edu/154925. Runkel, A.C.; Meyer, G.N.; Lusardi, B.A.. (2011). C-26 Geologic Atlas of Blue Earth County, Minnesota [Part A].Minnesota Geological Survey. Retrieved from the University of Minnesota Digital Conservancy, http://purl.umn.edu/116097. Runkel, Anthony C.; Steenberg, Julia R.; Tipping, Robert G.; Retzler, Andrew J.. (2014). OFR14-02, Geologic controls on groundwater and surface water flow in southeastern Minnesota and its impact on nitrate concentrations in streams. Minnesota Geological Survey. Retrieved from the University of Minnesota Digital Conservancy, http://hdl.handle.net/11299/162612.r Setterholm, Dale R.. (2010). C-22 Geologic Atlas of Chisago County, Minnesota [Part A]. Minnesota Geological Survey. Retrieved from the University of Minnesota Digital Conservancy, http://purl.umn.edu/93861. Setterholm, Dale, R.. (2013). C-27 Geologic Atlas of Anoka County, Minnesota [Part A]. Minnesota Geological Survey.Retrieved from the University of Minnesota Digital Conservancy, http://purl.umn.edu/116119. Steenberg, Julia, R.. (in press). C-38 Geologic Atlas of Washington County, Minnesota [Part A]. Minnesota Geological Survey. Shade, Beverly L., Alexander, S.C., and Alexander, E.C., Jr., Karst features in Pine County, MN (2002), in Boerboom, T.J., Project Manager, Contributions to the geology of Pine County, MN: Minnesota Geological Survey Report of Investigations 60, 91 p.

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